DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51148/jaas.2019.1

THE ROLE OF MODERN BUILDING MATERIALS

IN REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Elham Ghaffarlu^¹and Shabnam Ghaffarlu²

Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ilkhchi branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilkhchi, Iran

ABSTRACT: In today's life, human population growth is accompanied by an increase

in fossil fuel consumption, which is a major source of conservation in nature. Energy

conservation is one of the principles of sustainable architecture in which the architect

is required to design the building in such a way as to meet the building's requirements

Fossil fuels are minimized, but since the need for unconditional comfort and

convenience has led to a growing need for energy in the domestic and industrial

sectors, architects and designers of the building have taken it to meet this need and in

parallel It considers the protection of the environment and fossil fuels. Today, human

beings are pushing for better solutions and better solutions. For optimal use of energy,

the use of intelligent building materials and materials in today's buildings is a timely

response to changes that make the building more durable and enhances. It is possible

that the discovery of intelligent materials is practical for architects to use this material,

which is the most important advantage. They are encouraging the optimization and

intelligent management of energy. The object of the study is to investigate the present

research through objective observation. In fact, research has been conducted on the

basis of a rational method and an analysis and description of the achievement of the

research objectives. The method and method used are the research of the library

method and the examination of written documents.

Original Article

PII: S238315531900001-8

Received: 20 Dec. 2018

Accepted: 15 Apr. 2019

Published: 05 Jun. 2019

 Corresponding author:

E-mail: sh-ghaffarlu@gmail.com

KEYWORDS: Modern Materials, Smart Materials, Reducing Energy Consumption,

Reducing Environmental Pollution

INTRODUCTION

and greenhouse gases, and cause less damage to the

environment and energy and resources [5-8 ]. At

Given the increasing population growth in recent

years, the necessity of removing housing

construction from the traditional way, and the use of

modern materials and methods of industrialization

has become more evident. One of the most

important parameters affecting the increase of

productivity in the building industry is the

possibility of using modern materials and new

methods of construction in different geographic

conditions in terms of technical facilities in that area

[1 ]. Materials used in buildings have a significant

role to play in building the right architecture based

on sustainable architecture and environmental

protection [2 ]. Considering the reduction of energy

reserves in the current situation, the use of modern

and intelligent materials that are effective in

reducing energy in buildings is one of the essential

measures in the field of construction [3, 4 ]. In fact,

the selection of modern and appropriate materials

and equipment will reduce energy consumption and

further health It contributes to the environment.

Because of this, the materials reduce the amount of

fuel consumed in buildings, reduce emissions of air

present, the problem design and the necessity of the

research have been addressed and then the goals and

method of research is used.

The main objectives of this research is focusing

architects and designers on the use of modern

materials in order to reduce energy consumption

and reduce environmental pollution in the design

and implementation of the building, it is clear that

replacing modern materials rather than traditional

materials will be a major step towards reducing

environmental pollution. In this research, analytical-

descriptive method has been used. The method and

tool used in the research are library method and

review of written documents. Modern building

materials

METHODOLOGY

Problem statement and research necessity

In human life today, population growth is

associated with an increase in the consumption of

fossil fuels, which is a major source of conservation

in nature [9 ]. Energy conservation is one of the

Citation: Ghaffarlu E and Ghaffarlu Sh (2019).

The role of modern building materials in reducing

energy consumption and environmental pollution.

J Art Arch Stud, 8 (1): 01-06.

2019, Scienceline Publication

Journal of Art and Architecture Studies

ISSN 2383-1553

JAAS

J. Art Arch. Stud. 8(1): 01-06, June 05, 2019

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51148/jaas.2019.1

Ghaffarlu and Ghaffarlu, 2019

principles of sustainable architecture in which the wood) is one of the few woods that will last long

architect is required It should be designed in such a years into the water without any worries. Due to the

way that the building's requirements for fossil fuels waterproof nature of the Accoya wood, this product

are minimized [2 ]. Nowadays, with the traditional has many applications such as window-to-door,

materials often used in buildings, it does not meet deck-to-facade and bridges.

the economic conditions and the density of building

Extensive research and experiments on Accoya

of modern cities, and the contradictions created by wood have shown that this unique wood will not

the impact Negative in terms of energy efficiency, it bring any harm to the environment and will have a

brings about a long time It is necessary, with the great contribution to the conservation of the

advent of modern materials that meet the economic environment. The use of Accoya in the woodwork

and congestion of cities, to deal with energy losses in has

significant impact on environmental

buildings and reduce the pollution caused by it for preservation. Due to its endurance and durability,

the environment.

Accoya wood is also replaceable with non-resistant

wood.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Accoya wood feature

Accoya wood uses much less energy in its

production and use compared to other building

materials such as cement, glass and aluminum,

Compared to other materials such as aluminum,

PVC and tropical hardwood (tropical hardwood from

unstable forests supply). The Accoya leaves emit less

greenhouse gas emissions. Accoya wood is more

durable compared to wood such as Spruce and Red

Meranti tropical hardwood, which are used as

construction materials. The price of Accoya wood is

more economical due to its unique features

compared to the wood.

Accoya

Accoya wood is the result of research and studies

over 80 years old. As a result of the combination of

acetic processing and the implementation of the

exclusive technology of cutting edges, the high

quality wood produced by the brand Accoya is

extremely suitable for outdoor applications. One of

the uses of Accoya as a hinge on the structure is

different buildings and buildings. This unique wood

is used in outdoor applications and even in water.

The wood treated with stelazing technology (Accoya

Figure 1. Accoya wood

EQUITONE

EQUITONE cement fibers have eating, perforating,

and eating ability. Fixing methods include rivets,

screws, glue and invisible fittings on wooden or

metal frames. Creative architects and designers use

EQUITONE cement fibers in interior design.

EQUITONE has a wide range of color spectra, which

is also suitable for interior design projects.

It is made of cement fibers and is used in the

facade of the building. Cement fiber is made of

cellulose and mineral materials reinforced by a

matrix, which has a smooth and opaque fog. The

EQUITONE Moda is manufactured at a maximum

panel of 125 by 310 cm and can be used comfortably

in any shape or dimension and in modular form.

J. Art Arch. Stud. 8(1): 01-06, 2019

Performance and reliability

The Rainscreen views made with EQUITONE are

EQUITONE cement fibers are non-flammable thinner and lightweight, yet highly durable, which

and have a shelf life of over 50 years (Figure 2).

reduces energy and raw material consumption.

Figure 2: Cement fibers

Wall panel sandwich

Composite aluminium panel

It is a kind of building material that has two

Covering the building with large aluminum or

layers of electrostatic, scratch-resistant, different aluminum panels of

mm thick thickness,

thicknesses and desired lengths in the interior and consisting of two layers of aluminum sheet, and their

exterior facades, which are used with a grooved inner core made of polyethylene or anti-fire minerals

monolithic and slit-free design, and the sliding edges and a coating of PVDF resin (Aluminum composite

during installation make it more beautiful and more Panels) is read.

robust. The wall is injected between them and used

to cover the wall is called wall panel sandwich.

Advantages of aluminium composite panel

system

The beauty and luminance of the aluminium

Advantages of wall panel sandwich

Moisture and cryogenic insulation, soundproof facade, easy maintenance, sound and sound

and resistant to moisture, cold weather moisture, isolation, ultra-infinite color variations, superb

heat, moisture, weatherproof, rust, chemicals, stability and long life in a variety of atmospheric

vermin, colour variety, washable, hygienic, conditions, the ability to select and execute very

lightweight sandwich panel and ultimately weight complex levels in the arc, the possibility of All types

loss, The speed of implementation and reducing the of machining, bending, roof piercing, quick and

cost of prolonged projects, earthquake resistance, precise installation, excellent strength against

increasing the life of the building and facilities, and earthquake, resistant to vibrations caused by the

the ability to move and rebuild it from the sandwich wind and its unwanted sounds, complete setup

panel wall panel.

during installation and even after End of

installation, minimum use of iron and non-contact

aluminium and iron in the facade Thermal shock

Wallboard sandwich

To cover the walls of the cellars, sport niches, resistant, super sky and lower cost than traditional

prefabricated pre-fabricated suites, villa buildings, materials used in steel building structures.

sports halls and sports grounds, laboratory rooms

and food industries.

Table 1. Comparison of the heat transfer coefficient of the sandwich panel with concrete, brick and fiberglass

Wall Panel Sandwich

Concrete

Bricks

Fiberglass

Thickness (mm)

100

150

200

heat transfer (K/m2k)

0.51

0.45

0.36

0.30

0.22

0.18

0.12

0.09

16.25

14.8

0.88

Ghaffarlu and Ghaffarlu, 2019

Shapeshel

sense of inviting. Shapeshell is made with 3D CNC

The advanced Shapeshel composite is nowadays and is lightweight. It is resistant to chemical shock

widely used and increasingly used by architects and chemical, and it is non-conductive. Another

(Figure 3). Take their imaginative projects. This advantage of this material is its anti-flammability

unique material is used in the building's exterior as certificate in construction facades and full color

an external veneer panel, and can be used in rendering of this material.

commercial buildings as a focal point for creating a

Figure 3: Shape shell composite

Vacuum insulated panel

higher temperatures and preventing the fading of

By making it possible to create more thin space. Meanwhile, in both cases, the illuminant light

insulating layers than ordinary insulators, they are is ideal for lighting the space.

very suitable for construction applications and

Electrochemical (EC) glass. In this system

reduce the insulation thickness and consequently the (EC), the glass unit is replaced by transparent films

thickness of the walls. Compared to traditional of thickness from 200 to 300 nm with varying colour

insulation materials (polystyrene), the thermal intensities in the visible spectrum from clear to dark

conductivity of these panels is more than ten times blue. The glass unit is connected to the power supply

lower, which means that with the help of these for varying the degree of transparency due to the

materials, with the same thickness as traditional different amounts of heat transfer. After the flow

insulators, more heat resistance can be created. stops, the optical mode is maintained and there is no

Brought up In other words, we need a thin layer of need for continuous current. When the glass darkens

insulation to achieve the same thermal resistance

used, the thermal radiation decreases and therefore

Therefore, new insulators have made it possible most of the radiation passes through the infrared

to achieve the highest thermal resistance with the spectrum.

thinnest insulating layer possible. The thermal

transfer of vips is negligible and only about 4.0-5.0.

The shelf life of the VIP insulation panels is

Cellulose coating structure

This type of coating consists of synthetic fibers,

between 20 to 38 years old and in other cases cellulose, construction resins, mineral contaminants,

average for 30 to 50 years, which few factors such as resistant pigments, lubricants and other additives

panel shell integrity, the amount of vacuum created, that are used in the form of dough and with the use

seamless quality, and installation affect it.

of flexic acid trowels on the surface. This coating has

many properties and can in fact be called the best

and most beautiful alternative to paint and wall

Smart glass (Figure 4)

Thermochemical glass. Using thermo- paper. These types of products are commonly

chemical coatings, you can create a smart glass that referred to as Belek.

prevents heat from blocking light. The ability to

cover to change the state between the absorption

and reflection of light means using the benefits of

Cellulose coating properties

It is able to be applied to plaster and mortar in

solar heating in winter conditions and reflection at order to cover the underlying defects, moisture and

J. Art Arch. Stud. 8(1): 01-06, 2019

refrigeration, the high degree of colour variation, important so that the adaptation of the building to

environmental comfort, washing ability, lack of the changing conditions of the users is consistent

smell and sensitivity, non-cracking, resistance to with the least cost and time with the new conditions

weathering, anti-static properties, applicability On and is responsive to a wider range of different needs

all types of sub-work, high speed performance, fast of the residents. By the supply of intelligent

and easy repair, fire-retardant, reduced reflection of materials, capabilities and lighting facilities will be

light, lifespan of high-volume sound (textured provided to engineers and designers. The intelligent

surface). Cellulose coating properties is a very good element, due to the type of application and strength,

insulating layer for reducing noise disturbance and can contribute to the design and construction of

preventing reflection of sound waves. It is buildings. The use of these materials increases the

remarkably (30% to 50%), which means the life of the building from 50 to 100 years and saves

environment is acoustic. Lightweight (the weight of the cost of maintenance, which is far more expensive

this coating is 400-700 gr/m), which is much lighter than construction. And the use of this material can

than gypsum weight and colour per square meter reduce the negative environmental impacts and

(17kg to 25kg), which reduces the weight of our bring society closer to sustainable sustainability

stomach.

criteria.

Competing interests

The author declares that they have no competing

interests.

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Figure 4: An example of the use of smart glasses

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